In the US, that is commonly known as 'three way' switching - I'm not sure where that comes from other than that the switches used have three terminals rather than the normal two present on a standard SPST light switch. To control a light from three or more locations, additional '4 way’ switches (with, surprise surprise, FOUR terminals) are placed in series with the two traveler conductors. When toggled, they swap the in and out wires, making or breaking the circuit no matter which switch in the chain you throw.
-Pat