Edit: oh and two weeks after we fixed all that, Clinton relaxes the restrictions
I think I still have an 8" floppy with PGP on it - extremely illegal at the time, of course. One year I'll fire up my 8" drive and see if I can read it!
If you printed out the source code for <some slightly useful crypto> that'd been invented and written in the USA you could export it, because blocking that export was not allowed. The written word is protected by free speech laws, which overrides munitions controls.
So, a version of <some slightly useful crypto> exists that has ASCII headers and footers, because a book needs that. It just looks something like this:
/*
Page 4711 The story of some useful crypto
^L
*/
(the ^L is a pagebreak which makes plaintext printers do a form feed -- once you could do things like
$ ls -l | lpr
which printed a listing of the files in your directory, directly to the line printer. Today, we need to load about 500MB of libraries involving Adobe intellectual property and reboot at least once to even get a printer jam. Progress.
)
Dan Bernstein IIRC went to court and made that a precedent.
Another take was to strip all crypto from MIT Kerberos and export that. Then, in Sweden, at the Royal Institute of Technology, clever people added another crypto implementation in again, that happened to interoperate with the MIT version with bits of crypto left in it.
As bd139 wrote, the hilarious in all this rose to levels that even USGOV were affected by, and Clinton put an end to it.