I use NI-Visa and C# with my Siglent SDS1000X-E but I don't know MatLab at all
If I understand correctly you have 2 configurations, one that works correctly with Laptop 1 with MatLab 2022B and the other not with Laptop2 and MatLab 2022A. The only common element is the scope.
Have you tried capturing data (with utility software, and if I remember correctly there is such software on the NI site) to see if it's ASCII or BIN, if the header is the one you expect and if the number of bytes is the right one.
As soon as we use NI-Visa, we encounter this kind of problem, that was my case with the format error. With utility software, I captured the transmission from the scope only to realize that I was not receiving what I needed (the CHDR parameter of the scope did not have the correct value, and BIN data instead of ASCII, .. ).
Not knowing Matlab and Python, I only have that as an idea.
Or by proceeding by elimination. Try to replace 1 by 1 the elements (software, laptop, Matlab, ...) of the configuration which works by those of configuration 2 which does not work.