Its not the height so much as the
angle of radiation.. on HF..
A magnetic loop is your only real choice but the cool thing is the performance as far as angle of radiation can end up being quite good even without any real height, (especially if you have some kind of counterpoise right below it which also doesnt have to be super large..
also it doesn't have to be heavy to get good performance, just "thick" because of skin effect. So its perfectly fine to get say an octagon made with plastic pipe or even a pool float and wrap it with a spiral of *wide* copper tape - the most important thing is the width of the conductor, and low resistance in the transition to your receiver or transceiver. You can use a coupling loop or a gamma match or some kind of transformer.. See
https://www.nonstopsystems.com/radio/frank_radio_antenna_magloop.htm for the definitive document on coupling methods.
If you can get a good electrical connection it should tune right up with a reasonable value variable cap and give you good performance. The spiral is to give you the effect of a longer loop in a smaller space.
This is kind of what I mean..
http://www.hlmagneticloopantennas.com/I've built lots of magnetic loops and they often work extremely well for receiving.