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Considering the following circuit
I am confused and can't understand how the tank circuit, which is open at resonance, and the transistor pass the 2nd or any other harmonic of a crystal of a fundamental frequency of, say, 48 MHz.
What frequency is at the output if the tank is open at resonance 48MHz for example?
1. How does the tank circuit contribute to or govern the choice of the desired Harmonic at the output if a parallel LC is "open circuit" at resonance?
2. How can I calculate L1 and C4 to have the desired frequency at the output?
Do I have to include the transistors' output capacitance in calculating the tank circuit? What is formula for that?
Many thanks in advance!
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That looks just like a circuit I was tying to build but with crystals. Mine sucked because it didn't have crystals. What site is that from?
Why does the writing look likes its floating? -
@MagicSmoker,
Thanks for the reply. I understand that all sorts of odd and even harmonics are on the loose. From this circuit and a 198023-4 transistor, over 500 MHz harmonic peaks were present in the spektrum! But what to do to boost the one desired harmonic while attenuating the others, or at least only boosting the frequency of concern depending only on the tank circuit or this transistor circuit only without extending it?
Can I simply calculate only the tank resonance?
Or what?
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The collector tuned circuit is a 'rejector'. So the current is low - voltage across it is high, at resonance. That is correct, so your output voltage is maximum when tuned to the frequency (or harmonic) you want.
Standard formula for tuned circuits is f=1/ 2pi root (LC)
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Considering the following circuit
I am confused and can't understand how the tank circuit, which is open at resonance, and the transistor pass the 2nd or any other harmonic of a crystal of a fundamental frequency of, say, 48 MHz.
What frequency is at the output if the tank is open at resonance 48MHz for example?
1. How does the tank circuit contribute to or govern the choice of the desired Harmonic at the output if a parallel LC is "open circuit" at resonance?
2. How can I calculate L1 and C4 to have the desired frequency at the output?
Do I have to include the transistors' output capacitance in calculating the tank circuit? What is formula for that?
Many thanks in advance!
Can you list the values of the circuits parts? I want to build that. -
Thank you very much that summarizes it!
As for yada I tried the ciruit with 2N3904 as the 198023-4 are a rarity and obselete.
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And here's another one with mor amplitude on nth harmonics. But with 12 volts VCC!
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Thank you very much that summarizes it!
As for yada I tried the ciruit with 2N3904 as the 198023-4 are a rarity and obselete.
Could I use one of my 37 or 13.56MHz crystals or does that change all the parts. Do you know the NH of the inductors or just turns? If so what is the dia and wire size? MY last transmit, sucked so I need something with a crystal I think. Going to use my ghetto coffee can ground too. -
Please have look here
https://sites.google.com/site/linuxdigitallab/system/app/pages/subPages?path=/low-noise-crystal-experiment
There lots of interesting and tried VCOs etc. with 9018.
The coils in my circuits are experimental.
You can use the crystals you have without changes! But you only get their harmonics or multiplications by 1,2,3,4,5...etc and nothing in between.
Coils are 'rule of hobby trial and error'
Wire: copper or silver coated 0.8 mm air core 5mm. That's why I have been asking my questions.
I'll be back later with more suggestions! -
Considering the following circuit
I am confused and can't understand how the tank circuit, which is open at resonance, and the transistor pass the 2nd or any other harmonic of a crystal of a fundamental frequency of, say, 48 MHz.
What frequency is at the output if the tank is open at resonance 48MHz for example?
1. How does the tank circuit contribute to or govern the choice of the desired Harmonic at the output if a parallel LC is "open circuit" at resonance?
...
...
The oscillator, in the presented circuit, is built in a common collector configuration (the input is the base and the output the emitter). Due to the positive feedback, the circuit tends to produce a non sinusoidal signal. Using the collector current we produce a signal voltage and with the tuned circuit we favor whatever harmonic frequency we want.
Some more notes:
- the 48MHz is also a harmonic of the crystal and not the fundamental frequency.
- an ideal tuned circuit does not exist. All have a "quality factor". There is not open or short but higher and lower impedance, phase shift and losses.
- if we had to produce a clean sinusoidal signal, on the fundamental frequency of the crystal, then we had to adjust the capacitors of the divider between base and emitter to match the respective impedances. In that case a mechanism to control the amplitude would be a necessity, to avoid clipping.
That is the way that I understand how this circuit operates.
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Thanks Damianos for more interesting information. I'll experiment on extracting a better sinusoidal wave tweaking these capacitors.