Read the datasheet for your part. In the USB section, it specifies 22 ohm resistors in series with the datalines. As noted above, they are termination resistors, used so that the total impedance of the line, including internal circuitry in the part, matches that of the USB specification. In addition, series resistors limit the edge-speed of pulses, which means less EMI-generation. 22 ohms probably won't have much of an effect here, though.
That said, your circuit would probably work without the resistors, but you're risking problems with signal integrity. At least put the footprints for the resistors in, and then add a jumper or solder bridge if it turns out you don't need them for your required level of performance, at least while prototyping.