The 723's current limit is very rough. Another amplifier is required.
Here's the circuit discussed in the
other thread, with a separate current limit amplifier added. The U2 limits the voltage across R10 to V3*R8/R7. R9 = R7 and R10 = R8. R11 is just a test load for the purpose of the simulation. I've kept the original current limit, which is much faster than U2.
This is just a DC simulation. Capacitors will need to be added for stability. Refer to the 723 data sheet.