If I understand, you will implement an MPPT algorithm?
That stands for maximum power point tracking.
There some appnotes for that around, I remember on
form ST an perhaps from NXP.
Probably your Solar Panel will be a 72Cell unit, that
will work around 33V most of the time, but the best voltage
will depend on temperature and irradiation.
As for the topology, since you dont need isolation,
and the voltages are low, probably a simple boost
converter will be easy enough to control using a
microcontroller, and you dont need fancy level shifters:
a mosfet, a mosfet driver (or two bjt emitter follower),
two (big) rectifiers, a (big) inductor, and some capacitors.
The "hard" part will be the calculation of the right inductor
size vs ripple current and pwm frequency. There are lot
of online calculators and resource.
For the feedback the simplest thing will be to measure the
current trough the load.
For protection you need fast overvoltage and overcurrent,
the first will stop the mosfet in case of output overvoltage,
the second in case of overcurrent trough the mosfet ( using
a resistor between the source of the mosfet and ground).
A buck converter can be also used, but you either will have
an high-side switch or your load will be floating vs ground.