Trying to understand what you are asking...
You distinguish between IC pullup current and pullup current added by pullup resistor and you are interested only in current added by this resistor.
So you not ask about internal pullup as it is included in IC pullup current.
From that it looks that you are asking for device to check if that external pullup resistor is not broken. To check resistor you can use ohmmeter but I don't know if the ohmmeter meets your requirement of being a simple device.