As you have guessed, its safety peformance will not be good. The Cat ratings printed on the front are lies! However you bought it for bluetooth functionality so there is some benefit to you.
Firstly, you will never be able to modify it to meet acceptable safety for mains use. Your best course it simply not do that - just use it for general lab work.
The PCB layout will not support any meaningful adding of slots to improve creapage, you would probably do more harm than good if you tried.
The 10A current range is protected by a glass fuse as you say. You might get some benefit from replacing it with a ceramic one, but you won't find a suitable HRC one in that small a size. The glass one shouldn't be a problem as long as you stay below 50V and I wouldn't go higher even with a ceramic. Forget about modifying it for external fuse access. You will degrade the insulation and explosion protection that there is and having to open the meter to change it will make you more careful about blowing it.
The mA range is only protected by a PTC thermistor - that avoids nuisance fuse blowing but would provide no protection for a high current surge. You could try replacing it with a 250V rated 400mA fuse.
In short, simply avoid using it for mains and it will probably serve well. The most important safety modification would be to take an indelible marker and cover over the front panel CAT ratings printing, just in case anyone else picks it up and tries to use it for high energy circuits.