It wouldn't act like a short, more like a comparator.
If you applied a positive voltage to the input (like in your example), the opamp's output would slam into the positive rail.
If you applied a negative voltage, it would slam into the negative rail.
You can't have it behave like a short, because that would mean that it should be able to pull an infinite current, which would only be possible if there was an infinite voltage across resistor R3.