Don't worry about the insulating layer on the laminations. At the very least they will have a coating of steam oxide. The better laminations have a coating of Carlite, which is magnesium silicate. You should see how laminations are shipped to transformer manufacturers. They come by motor freight, and they're stacked in a long cardboard box with nothing between the individual lams. They are subject to a lot of shaking and vibration, and they are not damaged by all that rubbing against one another. If the secondary is still there you could just put about 90% of them back in and that way you wouldn't have to jam the last few in. That would be enough core to let you measure turns ratio in the usual way. The insulating layer on the lams is much more rugged than you might think, and it won't be hurt by re-inserting then several times.