I would suggest starting by studying the schematics for the Amplifone and Wells-Gardner 19K6100 monitors, the manuals for these are readily available online.
In a nutshell since the yoke is inductive and the beam position is proportional to the current through the yoke, you need a voltage to current amplifier. If you look at the circuit you'll see that it resembles an op-amp, very high open loop gain which is tamed by negative feedback. Unlike a typical amplifier, the negative feedback comes not from the output voltage, but from the output *current* picked off the top of a sense resistor between the other end of the yoke and ground.
There is a guy I know named Fred Kono who designed a modern deflection board and pioneered the concept of rewinding raster yokes to make them suitable for vector displays. At one point he was selling kits for his boards so you could google his name and ask if he still has any. I have built a small vector deflection board for my 5" B&W vector monitor but I have not tried scaling it up.
Oh and don't neglect the spot killer, it's not absolutely needed for a little 5" tube but with a larger tube the beam needs to be hot enough that if you lose deflection it will instantly burn a hole in the phosphor. Anything from around 9" and up a spot killer circuit is mandatory.