Synopsys is indeed a pretty large supplier.
Many USB HS peripheral designs are the same dwc IP design. There are some incremental versions out there, but many communities deliver the same driver stack. You can sometimes take a quick glance at the RTL to see if that matches up.
I think other common peripherals for this treatment is CAN or Ethernet. All those protocols need to comply to standards.
Maybe 16550 UART for some MCUs, but since UART also has taken many forms (SPI as secondary function, for example), I don't think its that common anymore.
On the other hand, things like timers, ADCs, SPIs etc. are much more integral to a clever MCU architecture. If you look at Atmel, Nordic, TI or SiLabs, they have gone to great efforts to support some kind of event system, clock demands, bus designs to support async clocks or power/clock gated etc.