Okay, thank you for sanity checking me. Fun fact: the evaluation board for this microcontroller uses the same weird circuit (see attached image). But also, the part number they list for X4 is a temperature compensated crystal, not oscillator. But from the schematic symbol you can tell they're treating it like an oscillator. The more I look at this, the more confused I get.
I wonder what the original intent was for this information. Clearly they want you to put a resistor and capacitor in series between the TCXO and the oscillator input pin and use it as a voltage divider. I also trust that the max input signal needs to be 1.2 Vpp and minimum of 0.4 Vpp. Looking at some TCXO options on digikey, I'm often seeing a minimum output level of 0.8 Vpp (
https://ecsxtal.com/store/pdf/ECS-TXO-25CSMV.pdf). The typical and max output level isn't listed, but I'm assuming the max is <= Vin. Seeing how the maximum accepted input signal is 1.2 Vpp, I can understand why you would need to divide down the incoming signal. This also explains why you are encouraged to power the TCXO off an MCU pin that outputs a lower voltage compared to the normal 3.3V. Running the oscillator at only 1.8V or 2.2V limits the max output and more easily keeps it in the acceptable range.
I think for my design I'm going to change the series capacitor to be 12pF instead of 10pF. At the minimum output level of 0.8V, that puts me right at 0.4 Vpp input. And if I run the oscillator at 2.2V and it decides to output 2.2 Vpp, the input voltage is about 1.1 Vpp, which is still within acceptable limits.