The 2 spi setup dmendesf gave is the way to go, but have you thought about what you are going to do with 2 times 16bit 1Msps of data coming into the STM32F103?
You need DMA to get the samples into the memory to not burden the CPU, but there is not a lot of memory to store the samples.
And even though it is a quick MCU then do processing on the samples and spit them out to some other system is also a bit of a load. Sure it can be done but not with sustained data.
With USB I managed to get a single channel of sustained 16bit 100Ksps to stream to a PC. Needed to write my own USB driver under linux to make it work.