The lock bits (avr) prevent reading the flash, and on some, writing the flash (or part of it) including from within the code running on the avr itself (self programming).
If you had a bootloader then write locking the non-boot section would not be helpful because your bootloader couldn't write the new code to flash when you tried to upload to it.
Note that the lockbits can be cleared (only) by erasing the chip, which is why the read lock works, you can't unlock without clearing the data. This also means the lockbits do not prevent you from updating firmware, you just unlock (erase) and burn fresh firmware.
IMHO there is no good reason to read lock, write locking ostensibly could prevent a bug trashing firmware.