1/ The large bare CPC "Earth" conductor appers to be tinned copper not aluminiun (look at the end near the terminal)
2/ The big issue is the exposed phase teminals. Especially the input to the main (200A) isolator. Even inside a metal box, in the UK these would have to be enclosed in insulation except for cable entry and screw access. a finger should not be aple to touch them accidentally. see pic of UK one.
3/ The two large wires connected together are the CPC (earth) and Netural. A connection which according to some does not exist.
On '3', yes it does (in most systems) exist. But, it happens in different places depending on which model has been chosen.
In 3-phase systems, the transformer secondary normally is wired in Y mode, with one end of the windings commoned. This point is grounded. At the transformer.
From this point a PE (green/yellow or uninsulated sheath) conductor is required to the supply interface / meter board, bringing 4 conductors to the consumer, who then is entitled to put Δ loads (like induction motors) on it. The PE conductor must not carry current.
To allow for non-Δ loads, the PE conductor can be slightly uprated and additionally marked blue, making it a PEN connector. Still 4 wires. The customer is now responsible for branching the PEN into PE and N, after which point they must never meet again. The branching normally happens in the first breaker panel after the meter board. In large low-voltage (below 1KV) installations with a hierarchy of breaker panels, it is common for the cables from main panel to sub panels to be 3 phases plus PEN.
Mostly to minimise interference, many newer systems are made in 5-conductor mode, which basically moves the branch point further upstream. But there is a branch point, nevertheless.
The Edison technical debt looms large over the poor continent, is all I can say on the matter. But it is my understanding that the center tap on the transformer for a 240CT system needs to be grounded to give at least a semblance of protection. Therefore, in a 4-conductor cable, two wires indeed should be commoned. It would have been much, much better to carry even the puny 208V three-phase plus PEN through that cable. The North American HV net usually is 3-phase pretty far out in the branches so "all" that's technically required is a better transformer, but that would require sparkies to forego habit. And "some" rewiring.