Thank you both, tautech and voltsandjolts!
I had not realized that, when reading from a USB stick, the SDG actually expects CSV files rather than binary data. (Although, with hindsight, the user manual does actually state that.) So transferring a CSV via the USB stick seems like the most straightforward path.
I will experiment with the VXI Tools as well. It looks like I will need to create some additional script to send wave data in the expected format, but avoiding the need to plug and unplug the USB stick repeatedly would be nice.
I'm happy for now; no need to reinstall NI VISA anytime soon! ;-)