Well, that was a tantalum capacitor, and a good replacement would be a 22uF 25v one, though you could also use a 47uF 16V SMD electrolytic there if there is enough height, as they will have similar ESR. Pretty much all LDO regulators require more than 10uF on the input and output for stability, and 22uF or 47uF is good enough to make them stable. I would go for the SMD electrolytic though, as the chances of it going bang again from ESD damage is pretty high for tantalum.
Either it was one that was 16V rated but had latent damage from ESD, or it was a 10V unit that got unhappy running at rated voltage.