All 2764 EPROMs should be read compatible as long as you respect their speed grade. Its likely that the EPROM that is giving variable results is suffering from bit rot - decay of the stored charge on the floating gates.
You *may* be able to recover it by reading it multiple times varying the Vcc over a range of about +10% to -30%, or by reading it multiple times while illuminating the die with various levels of visible light (with no UV). Both techniques shift the relative threshold of the sense amplifiers.
You may need more control of the read cycle than the TL866CS can give you - consider using an Arduino Mega and bit-banging the access cycle. That also lets you vary the supply voltage under software control - just drive the Adj pin of a LM317L from a well filtered PWM output, put 1K resistors in the data lines to limit the current when EPROM Vcc is above Arduino Vcc, and on the Arduino side drive the pins as fake open drain (output low for logic '0', input for '1') with 10K pullups to EPROM Vcc.