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750 million years agoCryogenian Period. Glaciers may have covered the entire planet during the greatest ice age known on Earth. New types of life such as red and green algae appear during this period.600 million years agoEdiacaran Period. Life is evolving in the sea, and multicellular life is just beginning to emerge. The Pannotia supercontinent is a major landmass.540 million years agoEarly Cambrian. A mass extinction has just taken place. Afterwards, the fossil record shows a dramatic expansion of animal life in the sea, known as the "Cambrian explosion." Animals are beginning to evolve shells and exoskeletons.500 million years agoLate Cambrian. The ocean is teeming with life following a dramatic expansion of animal diversity in the sea, known as the "Cambrian explosion." The forms of some animals show ancestry to modern animals. Jawless fish, the first vertebrates, appear.470 million years agoOrdovician Period. The seas are diverse and the first coral reefs emerge. Algae is the only multicellular plant, and there is still no complex life on land.450 million years agoLate Ordovician. The seas are diverse and the first coral reefs have emerged. Algae is the only multicellular plant, and there is still no complex life on land. A mass extinction is about to take place.430 million years agoSilurian Period. A mass extinction took place, wiping out nearly half of marine invertebrate species. The first land plants emerge, starting at the edge of the ocean. Plants evolve vascularity, the ability to transport water and nutrients through their tissues. Ocean life becomes larger and more complex, and some creatures venture out of reefs and onto land.400 million years agoDevonian Period. Life on land becomes more complex as plants develop. Insects diversify and fish develop sturdy fins, which eventually evolve into limbs. The first vertebrates walk on land. Oceans and coral reefs host a diverse range of fish, sharks, sea scorpions, and cephalopods.370 million years agoLate Devonian. Life on land becomes more complex as plants develop. Insects diversify and fish develop sturdy fins, which eventually evolve into limbs. The first vertebrates walk on land. Oceans and coral reefs host a diverse range of fish, sharks, sea scorpions, and cephalopods. A mass extinction is about to take place that will stress marine life.340 million years agoCarboniferous Period. A mass extinction harmed marine life, but land organisms adapted. Plants are developing root systems that allowed them to grow larger and move inland. Environments are evolving below tree canopies. Atmospheric oxygen increases as plants spread on land. Early reptiles are evolving.300 million years agoLate Carboniferous. Plants developed root systems that allowed them to grow larger and move inland. Environments evolved below tree canopies. Atmospheric oxygen increased as plants spread on land. Early reptiles have evolved, and giant insects diversify.280 million years agoPermian Period. Landmasses merged and formed the supercontinent Pangea. Extreme conditions such as polar ice caps and deserts limited the extent of plant life, but amphibious tetrapods and reptiles diversified where plants grew. Oceans teemed with fish and invertebrate life.260 million years agoLate Permian. The greatest mass extinction in history is about to take place, driving 90% of species extinct. The extinction of plants reduced food supply for large herbivorous reptiles, and removed habitat for insects.240 million years agoEarly Triassic. Oxygen levels are significantly lower due to the extinction of many land plants. Many corals went extinct, with reefs taking millions of years to re-form. Small ancestors to birds, mammals, and dinosaurs survive on the Pangaea supercontinent.220 million years agoMiddle Triassic. The Earth is recovering from the Permian-Triassic extinction. Small dinosaurs begin to appear. Therapsids and archosaurs emerge, along with the first flying vertebrates.200 million years agoLate Triassic. An extinction event is about to happen, resulting in the disappearance of 76% of all terrestrial and marine life species and greatly reducing surviving populations. Some families, such as pterosaurs, crocodiles, mammals, and fish were minimally affected. The first true dinosaurs emerge.170 million years agoJurassic Period. Dinosaurs thrived as the first mammals and birds evolved. Ocean life diversified and the Earth was very warm.150 million years agoLate Jurassic. The earliest lizards have appeared and primitive placental mammals have evolved. Dinosaurs dominate both landmasses. Large marine reptiles inhabited the ocean, and pterosaurs were the dominant flying vertebrates.120 million years agoEarly Cretaceous. The world is warm and has no polar ice caps. Large reptiles dominate and mammals remained small. Flowering plants evolve and spread throughout the world.105 million years agoCretaceous Period. Ceratopsian and pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs evolve. Modern mammal, bird, and insect groups emerge.90 million years agoCretaceous Period. Ceratopsian and pachycephalosaurid dinosaurs evolve. Modern mammal, bird, and insect groups emerge.66 million years agoLate Cretaceous. A mass extinction occurs, leading to the extinction of dinosaurs, many marine reptiles, all flying reptiles, and many marine invertebrates and other species. Scientists believe the extinction was caused by an asteroid impact on the present-day Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico.50 million years agoEarly Tertiary. Following the asteroid impact that killed the dinosaurs, surviving birds, mammals, and reptiles diversified. Early whales evolved from land mammals.35 million years agoMid Tertiary. Mammals have evolved from small, simple forms to a diverse group. Primates, cetaceans, and other groups evolve. The Earth cools and deciduous plants become more common.20 million years agoNeocene Period. Mammals and birds continue to evolve into modern forms. Early hominids emerge in Africa.0 million years agoYou are here.
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