So if I am on the 1V div, the probe on 1x and measure a 10V rectangular wave i get 10divisions, if i use the same settings but on 10xprobe i will get only 1 division high?
The compensation adjustment is nothing to do with this problem,it is merely for adjusting the frequency response of the probe +'scope system
If you want a high impedance for looking at points in circuits which may be more than the normal 1Mohm input Z of the 'scope,the loss of sensitivity is the price you pay.
The voltage
presented to the 'scope input is actually that at the measurement point,
divided by 10,so you have to multiply the
displayed waveform's voltage by the same factor,hence,"X10",so if you measure the 10V waveform,it will be displayed as 1V,but you can multiply by 10 in your head,on paper,or with a calculator to get the correct figure.
After a while,you will look at your probe,see it is X10,& read the voltage off the screen,as 10X what is really displayed.
It is not at all difficult,thousands of people do it every day.
Some 'scopes & their probes automatically change the volts/division to match the probe type.(but only with probes of their own manufacture.)
This is normally on those analog 'scopes which have a readout on the screen,& with most,if not,all digital 'scopes.