I think you are completely missing my point. Your calculations are based on the satellite having the force applied equally which is not the case. I've been talking about the differential in F due to the r.
While it's not perfect, it shows that existing materials can be used without breaking laws of physics which you claim. As of "differential in F due to the r", force is basically the same over the satellite since it's small compared to the radius of rotation. But even if it's significantly different, so what? For the sake of argument the only thing I'm concerned about is if material will not rupture where the force is maximal. While I don't support Spinlaunch as a project and don't know if it's viable, why should I agree with nonsense arguments against it? The arguments should be based on science and calculations, not on feelings that it cannot possibly work because of reasons. A lot of space related (and other) science is very counterintuitive. Spacex was a laughing stock for the industry with their rocket landing claims, many experts said it's impossible. Until nobody laughed anymore.
You bring up an interesting issue. How is Kapton applied? What prevents the Kapton from delaminating from the surface at those forces?
My calculations are about a piece of it which is fixed only on the edge(s) without gluing it to anything. So for example fixed by clamps if you are concerned about delamination. In any case argument was about if there is material which can survive acceleration, not how it should be implemented in practice.
Is Kapton going to be able to withstand the launch temperatures?
Kapton will survive a few hundred
oC just fine. Rocket is supposed to be out of atmosphere very fast, way before payload can heat up. And once out of atmosphere, hot fairing will be separated an no longer be of a concern.
Why is Kapton not used on the outside of jets, rockets and the space shuttle?
Because there is no reason to use it. Satellites do not fly through the atmosphere, different materials are better suitable for different purposes. Kapton works really well over a wide range of temperatures from almost absolute zero to about 400
oC. Again, this was just a ballpark calculation to show that a traditional material can be used without breaking physics.