The surface is almost certainly
melamine, a thermosetting plastic. Depending on the exact resin and substrate, it can be quite heat-tolerant, and is usually fire-retardant. I absolutely hate it, because I'm paranoid about formaldehyde (low-intensity long-term exposure as a child from particle board walls, now very sensitive to it).
Beaver puke is the most descriptive term for particle board I've ever heard.
Do note that some lightweight Ikea stuff doesn't even have particle board in them, just a cardboard lattice; mostly, they're just air inside. Not tabletops, though, but doors and small and lightweight but thick shelves and such.