Retsina is, of course, the only thing Arthur Dent thought to save when he returned to Earth prior to its Vogon destruction.
Limonene and methyl salicylate are plant products widely used as industrial solvents (as is ɑ-pinene, also known as turpentine).
If you are interested in gums and resins as dietary products, benzoin and chioς mastic are noteworthy.