The local super markets around here just put knobbly paving at all points of access which makes it extremely hard to push the trolleys any further as the wheels jam and jitter on the knobbly surface cars can drive over it and people can walk on it but the spacing is just right to catch shopping trolley wheels which don't require expensive braking systems or buried coils.
When a new Sainsburys store was built in my hometown in the mid 90s, they put in a system that was a slightly more sophisticated version of this. The trolley wheels didn't have the usual rubber tyre, but instead had two radial flanges as the rolling surface. At all the pedestrian exits, they installed metal plates on the ground that had a longitudinal ribbed pattern, but the ribbing was offset every 6 inches or so, like this:
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| | |This meant it was impossible to push a trolley across, as the wheels would get jammed.
Ingenious, but ultimately didn't work too well, as people just carried the trollies the few feet, or wheeled them through the adjacent patchily-shrubbed areas.
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The supermarket moved to a locking chain and coin deposit system a few years later.