More recent history: Japan has a long tradition of using the "soroban" abacus for arithmetic.
The usual format has one bead above the bar and four below it to represent the decimal digits (a phrase that seems to annoy some people) 0 to 9.
When I first visited Japan in 1982, it was common when paying at a small vendor's shop to see him add up the tab (very quickly) on a (decimal) soroban mounted above the electrical cash register (another decimal computation object), then enter the soroban's result into the cash register to keep the daily tally.
There was a famous competition in 1946, sponsored by
Stars and Stripes during the American occupation, between a virtuoso soroban user from the Japanese Post Office and an expert from MacArthur's accounting department on an electrical calculator.
Addition, subtraction, and division were won by the Japanese competitor, while the American won multiplication.
Since 1980 or so, Japanese education in soroban use has diminished.
One of my Japanese colleagues remembered that he was taught how to extract a square root on a soroban in elementary school, but admitted that he had forgotten the algorithm since then.
The National Cash Register Co. (Now, NCR inc) patented the wheel-inside-a-wheel method of non-binary decimal digital computation before 1900, and kept that as their logo for years.
https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_694235