Not a general list of applications, but just on my personal workbench:
I have an ancient Power Designs model with rated 0.1% precision (usually tests around 0.05%) and 1mV resolution + vernier. I use it all the time as a variable reference just for the sake of convenience (e.g. if you're trying to measure the ratio of Vout/Vin, it's nice to be able to just set Vin to exactly 1.000V and have the ratio show up right on the voltmeter display), and I've used it in a pinch to calibrate shitty (analog) meters. I also have made up some bodgey "precision" gear (DC load, etc) that, instead of having a digital input, takes an analog input reference voltage, "borrowing" the precision decade dials for a cheap and convenient way to dial in an exact setting.