Your questions only raise more questions. You have jumped directly into "solution space" without fully explaining the situation. Or why you arrived at the conclusion that you could "filter" the signal.
Your amplifier circuit will not work. It is designed as a low-pass filter for AC signals. Presumably (because you have provided no context) you need a DC signal out of your potentiometer. The circuit you showed has an input capacitor AND an output capacitor. Those will COMPLETELY KILL DEAD any DC signal that you need from your potentiometer.
Suggestion: Start over again back at the beginning and describe what the gadget is, what the potentiometer does, what is the effect of noise, etc. etc.
It is possible that the solution could be as simple as a capacitor between the pot wiper and ground to "smooth out" the noise when the pot is turned.