From the picture the circuit looks unpowered. In a breadboard, the inner holes are connected between them in columns, with vertical wires. The most upper two rows of holes (and the most lower two rows) are connected in rows, with long horizontal wires.
What is on top of the IC? Looks like scotch-tape, but whatever it is, better remove that. It might mess your voltages. Then, redo the wiring, modified as shown in the attached picture.
- note the red dot drawn on the IC. Make sure the dent is in the left side. From the original picture it is not visible where the dent is, but the dent in the capsule should be on the left side. Sometimes the dent is slightly lower, near the pin. That dent marks pin 1 of the IC.
- note the added blue wire, from pin 7 to V+, to power the opamp
- the yellow capacitor is needed only if you have very long wires to the power supply. It's good practice to have it near the IC power pins. Something like 100nF is OK, the value is not critical, can be 200nF, can be 10nF. Sometimes you will see it in parallel with a bigger capacitor, like 10..100uF.
- set power supply at 20V. If it has current settings, set current limit at 10mA at first (the 10mA setting is to limit the current in case anything goes wrong, the circuit will still draw its needed current as long as it is smaller than 10mA). A 741 usually draws only 1.6mA ... 2mA with no load.
Now, turn on the power supply, and measure:
0. First, check your instrument is set to measure Volts
1. Measure between - (black wire) and + (red wire), and you should have the voltage you set from your power supply, 20 volts.
2. Measure between - (black wire) and pin 3 (green wire). You should have half of the supply voltage, 10 volts.
3. Measure between - (black wire) and pin 6 (white wire). You should have also 10V.
What did it measures for 1, 2, and 3?