Hi David, welcome to the forums! It looks like you picked a good one to start with. I see lots of things that aren't quite your run of the mill PCB.
It looks like it might be a ceramic PCB, rather than the more familiar fibreglass. You don't see those often, though Dave had one in his neurostimulator teardown. There also seem to be a few what look to be bare ICs, in the golden squares down the bottom, with bond wires coming off them. It also appears there are some traces going over other traces on the same side of the board, which is a technology I've not seen before. As for your black squares, I guess they might be carbon printed resistors.
If I were to hazard a guess, this seems to be a board built with high reliability in mind and is probably resistant to high temperatures.