You don't dissipate capacitance
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but you add or remove charge. The bigger the capacitance, the longer it takes to charge up/discharge down to a certain voltage level for a given current. If you want to switch faster, the current needs to increase. Once the capacitor is fully charged/discharged, no current will flow at all.
Whether you need a pullup/down resistor depends on what is driving the input. If it's a push-pull output from another chip you need no resistor at all. How fast the cap charges depends on how much current the driving output can deliver or sink (not necessarily symmetrical). You obviously need a pull-up resistor if the driving output is a open-collector/drain type out that can only sink current, current will flow constantly while the output is low.
You do not always maximum switching speed, unnecessarily high edge rates only cause EMI trouble. There is no point in 1ns rise/fall times for a 9600 bps serial port
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