A 27128 socket would normally have both PGM (pin 27) and VPP (pin 1) tied to Vcc. A 27512 replaces these pins with A14 and A15, respectively. Therefore, putting a 27512 into a 27128 socket will need a copy of the 27128 data on the top quarter of the 27512 (C000-FFFF).
FYI: Your reference to "128K", "256K" and "512K" EPROMs are actually only 16K, 32K, and 64K, respectively.
K = 27xxx where xxx/8