Maybe I skipped over it while I was reading, but I didn't see where you've tested the laptop charger? (unless this is what you mean by circuit components)
More often than not the charger will die before your charging circuit, 7/10 times I get a laptop that won't charge in my shop it's due to a faulty laptop charger. (2.99/10 would be for the DC Jack replacements, don't think I've come across a faulty charge circuit yet)