Look closely at the middle map. Note how the squares are numbered 0..3. That value is the binary value of the two bits concatenated as A|B. The upper left square is 00 so the value is 0. The upper right square is 01 so the value is 1.
Now look at the combined squares 1 and 3. They differ by a power of 2 and in this case the power is 1. 21 = 2
The left map shows the case where the values vary by 1: squares 0 and 1 differ by 1 or 20.