Tracks and polygons belong to nets, not to components, so I don't think there's a good way to do what you want. You can probably construct a rule for the track segment that is touching or within a certain distance of the pad in question, but it would be difficult to codify where Altium should stop applying that rule and start applying the other. You could use a room or a region to define an area where the narrower rule applies, but then you have a room or region you need to move around with that resistor, which is kind of silly.