Before we go any further, I assume you 24vac & 12vdc come from isolated sources, I don't want the 5v regulator to recieve a nasty over-voltage surge if the 24vac pushes your GND down by another 24v or more. If you want to be super-safe, we should replace your input stage, diodes and cap, with an AC optocoupler. This will guarantee safe functionality of your circuit under any random circumstances. (It will also make me feel better too since I don't know your complete setup circumstances). For your 24vac input, use the FOD814, see the data sheet:
https://www.fairchildsemi.com/datasheets/FO/FOD814A.pdfJust feed the 24vac at the input side through a series resistor. No need for any diodes there. On the output side, just use a pullup resistor & 1uf cap feeding your first input on the 74HC14.
First let's clean up the everything to the left of the schematic. All that tracing around the HC14 is giving me a headache following it...
For the IC, in your cad, you can mirror it so that the inputs are on the left and the outputs on the right, or, rotate it 180 degrees. This will unscramble all your wires going to the optocouplers and you will should catch a wiring mistake you made when fixing this. Also, for VCC5 and GND, don't be afraid to use labels instead of a wire trace going all around everywhere just to maintain that wired look.
1. The resistors on the left should be at least 1/8th watt.
2. Except if you want to keep the LED powered from the 24v, make sure R1 is 1/4 watt.
3. The 10uf and 1uf are usually polarized.
On the HV side:
Take a look at my attached screenshot...